It was originally defined by psychiatrist Frank Ochberg to aid the management of hostage situations. He called it Norrmalmstorgssyndromet (after Norrmalmstorg Square where the attempted robbery took place), meaning "the Norrmalmstorg syndrome" it later became known outside Sweden as Stockholm syndrome. As the idea of brainwashing was not a new concept, Bejerot, speaking on "a news cast after the captives' release" described the hostages' reactions as a result of being brainwashed by their captors. Nils Bejerot, a Swedish criminologist and psychiatrist coined the term after the Stockholm police asked him for assistance with analyzing the victims' reactions to the 1973 bank robbery and their status as hostages. When the hostages were released, none of them would testify against either captor in court instead, they began raising money for their defense. They held the hostages captive for six days (23–28 August) in one of the bank's vaults. He negotiated the release from prison of his friend Clark Olofsson to assist him. In 1973, Jan-Erik Olsson, a convict on parole, took four employees (three women and one man) of Kreditbanken, one of the largest banks in Stockholm, Sweden, hostage during a failed bank robbery.
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